Cognitive impairment in older people: practical aspects of management
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-06-02
Issue:
6
Year:
2020
Older patients with cognitive impairment present a challenge for physicians of various specialties in terms of both diagnosis and choice of effective therapy. Not every decrease in cognitive function is steadily progressing and leads to the development of dementia. The timely identification and prescription of pathogenetically substantiated therapy are fundamentally important, since these contribute to the functional restoration of cerebral structures and result in reversible consequences.
Keywords:
geriatrics
moderate cognitive impairment
dementia
older patients
aging
References:
- Rodriguez-Sánchez E., Mora-Simón S., Patino-Alonso M.C. et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged over 65 in an urban area: DERIVA study. BMC Neurology. 2011; 11: 147. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-11-147
- Dementia. WHO URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/dementia (01.05.2020)
- Prince M., Bryce R., Albanese E. et al. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimer`s & Dementia. 2013; 9 (1): 63–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.007
- Ekusheva E.V. Kognitivnye narushenija – aktual'naja mezhdistsiplinarnaja problema. RMZh. 2018; 12 (1): 32–7 [Ekusheva E.V. Cognitive impairment – relevant interdisciplinary problem. RMJ. 2018; 12 (1): 32–7 (in Russ.)].
- Farfel J.M., Nitrini R., Suemoto C.K. et al. Very low levels of education and cognitive reserve: A clinicopathologic study. Neurology. 2013; 81: 650–7. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a08f1b
- Van Spronsen M., Hoogenraad C. Synapse pathology in psychiatric and neurologic disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2010; 10: 207–14. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-010-0104-8
- Ekusheva E.V. Sensomotornaja integratsija pri porazhenii tsentral'noj nervnoj sistemy: klinicheskie i patogeneticheskie aspekty. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. M.: RNIMU im. N.I. Pirogova, 2016 [Ekusheva E.V. Sensomotornaya integratsiya pri porazhenii tsentral’noi nervnoi sistemy: klinicheskie i patogeneticheskie aspekty. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. M.: RNIMU im. N.I. Pirogova, 2016 (in Russ.)].
- Rossini P.M., Altamura C., Ferreri F. et al. Neuroimaging experimental studies on brain plasticity in recovery from stroke. Eur J Phys Rehab Med. 2007; 43: 241–54.
- Ekusheva E.K., Danilov A.B., Vein A.M. Hemiparesis syndrome: clinical-pathophysiological analysis. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2002; 102 (11): 18.
- Fjell A.M., Walhoyd K.B. Structural brain changes in aging: courses, causes and cognitive consequences. Rev Neurosci. 2011; 21 (3): 187–221. DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2010.21.3.187
- Paegaaij S., Taube W., Baudry S., et al. Aging causes are organization of cortical and spinal control of posture. Fron. Aging Neurosci. 2014; 6: 28. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00028
- Shaffer S.W., Harrison A.L. Aging of the somatosensory system: a translational perspective. Phys Ther. 2007; 87 (2): 193–207. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20060083
- Frol'kis V.V. Starenie mozga. L.: Nauka; 1991 [Frol’kis V.V. Starenie mozga. L.: Nauka; 1991 (in Russ.)].
- Kensinger E.A., Corkin S. The effects of emotional content and aging on false memories. Cogn., Affect., Behav. Neurosci. 2004; 4: 1–9. DOI: 10.3758/cabn.4.1.1
- Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V. Dementsija vsledstvie porazhenija melkih tserebral'nyh sosudov: patogenez, klinika, lechenie. Nevrologija, nejropsihiatrija, psihosomatika. 2014; 6 (4): 94–100 [Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V. Dementia due to cerebral small vessel damage: Current ideas on its pathogenesis and therapy. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2014; 6 (4): 94–100 (in Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-94-100
- Petersen R.S., Touchon J., Consensus on mild cognitive impairment: EADC – ADCS. Res. Pract. Alzheimer’s Diseas. 2005; 10: 38–46.
- Rasquin S.M., Lodder J., Visser P.J. Predictive accuracy of MCI subtypes for Alzheimer`s disease and vascular dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 2-year follow-up study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005; 19 (2/3): 113–9. DOI: 10.1159/000082662
- Petersen R.C., Knopman D.S., Boeve B.F. et al. Mild cognitive impairment: 10 years later. Arch Neurol. 2009; 66 (12): 1447–55. DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.266
- Mezhdunarodnaja statisticheskaja klassifikatsija boleznej i problem, svjazannyh so zdorov'em. 10-j peresmotr. (MKB-10). Zheneva, 1995 [Mezhdunarodnaya statisticheskaya klassifikatsiya boleznei i problem, svyazannykh so zdorov’em. 10-i peresmotr. (MKB-10). Zheneva, 1995 (in Russ.)].
- Jahno N.N., Zaharov V.V., Lokshina A.B. i dr. Dementsii. Rukovodstvo dlja vrachej. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2010; 272 s. [Yakhno N.N., Zakharov V.V., Lokshina A.B. et al. Dementsii. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2010; 272 s. (in Russ.)].
- Graf W.D. Dementia in metabolic disorders of children and adults / In: Handbook of Secondary Dementias. Ed. by R.Kurlan. New York, London: Taylor & Francis, 2006; 203–99.
- Hill M.D., Mitchell J.R. White matter lesions and cognition. It’s time for randomized trials to preserve intelligence. Neurology. 2006; 66: 470–1. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000203412.56752.88
- Moreno M. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2003; 25 (1): 178–93. DOI: 10.1016/s0149-2918(03)90023-3
- Seshadri S. Delaying dementia: Can antihypertensives prevent Alzheimer dementia? Neurology. 2013; 81 (10): 860–2. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a35296
- de Haan E.H., Nys G.M., Van Zandvoort M.J. Cognitive function following stroke and vascular cognitive impairment. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006; 19 (6): 559–64. DOI: 10.1097/01.wco.0000247612.21235.d9
- De Leeuw F.E., van Gijn J. Vascular dementia. J. Pract. Neurol. 2003; 3: 86–91.
- Erkinjuntti T., Roman G., Gauthier S. et al. Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment. Stroke. 2004; 35 (4): 1010–7. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000120731.88236.33
- Gelber R.P., Ross G.W., Petrovitch H. et al. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology. 2013; 81 (10): 888–95. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a351d4
- Bennett D.A., Schneider J.A., Bienias J.L. et al. Mild cognitive impairment in related to Alzheimer`s pathology and cerebral infarctions. Neurology. 2005; 64 (5): 834–41. DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000152982.47274.9E
- Leung Y.Y., Teo S.L., Chua M.B. et al. Living arrangements, social networks and onset or progression of pain among older adults in Singapore. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016; 16 (6): 693–700. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12539
- Macfarlane G.J., Barnish M.S., Jones G.T. Persons with chronic widespread pain experience excess mortality: longitudinal results from UK Biobank and meta-analysis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2017; 76 (11): 1815–22. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211476
- Ghaffar O., Fiati M., Feinstein A. Occupational attainment as a market of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (10): e47206. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047206