What must a dermatovenereologist be aware of the infective phenotype of chronic pelvic pain?

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2023-07-03
Issue: 
7
Year: 
2023

Associate Professor V. Kovalyk(1, 2), Candidate of Medical Sciences; Professor
M. Gomberg(2), MD; Associate Professor E. Vladimirova(1), Candidate of Medical Sciences; G. Kolieva(2), Candidate of Medical Sciences; K. Yurlov(3); Professor
A. Kusch(3), MD
1-Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care
and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow
2-Moscow Research and Practical Center for Dermatovenereology
and Cosmetology, Moscow City Healthcare Department
3-N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow

Changing the paradigm has led to the gradual replacement of the concept “chronic prostatitis in the scientific literature with the generally accepted one “chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), which could be the reason for misunderstanding between the physicians of different specialties. The review gives information about the role of individual sexually transmitted infections in the etiology of CPPS. According to the present views, in addition to prostatic diseases, the pattern of this syndrome can embrace gastrointestinal tract diseases, neurological and infectious diseases. Along with opportunistic mycoplasmas, sexually transmitted infections should be taken into account when managing males with chronic prostatitis/CPPS. The detection of these microorganisms requires the prescription of antibacterial therapy.
Keywords: 
chronic prostatitis
sexually transmitted infections
pelvic pain
herpesviruses.

References: 
  1. Magri V., Boltri M., Cai T. et al. Multidisciplinary approach to prostatitis. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2019; 90 (4): 227–48. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2018.4.227
  2. Bryk D.J., Shoskes D.A. Using the UPOINT system to manage men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Arab J Urol. 2021; 19 (3): 387–93. DOI: 10.1080/2090598X.2021.1955546
  3. Zhao Z., Zhang J., He J. et al. Clinical Utility of the UPOINT Phenotype System in Chinese Males with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS): a Prospective Study. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (1): e52044. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052044
  4. Arda E., Cakiroglu B., Tas T. et al. Use of the UPOINT Classification in Turkish Chronic Prostatitis or Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Patients. Urology. 2016; 97: 227–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.07.023
  5. Lian W.Q., Luo F., Song X.L. et al. Gonorrhea and Prostate Cancer Incidence: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 21 Epidemiologic Studies. Med Sci Monit. 2015; 21: 1895–903. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.893579
  6. Whelan J., Eeuwijk J., Bunge E. et al. Systematic Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis of Health Problems Associated with Sexually Transmitted Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection. Infect Dis Ther. 2021; 10 (4): 1887–905. DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00481-z
  7. Pust R. et al. Klinische und experimentelle Urologie 11. Weidner W., Brunner H., Krause W., Rothauge CF (eds) Therapy of prostatitis. Munich: Zuckschwerdt, 1986; рp. 102–9.
  8. Молочков В.А., Ильин И.И. Хронический уретрогенный простатит. М.: Медицина, 1998; 304 с. [Molochkov V.A., Il'in I.I. Khronicheskii uretrogennyi prostatit. M.: Meditsina, 1998; 304 р. (in Russ.)].
  9. Abdelatif O.M., Chandler F.W. McGuire B.S. Jr. Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic abacterial prostatitis: demonstration by colorimetric in situ hybridization. Hum Pathol. 1991; 22 (1): 41–4. DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90059-x
  10. Kadar A., Bucsek M., Kardos M. et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis by in situ hybridization (preliminary methodical report). Orv Hetil. 1995; 136 (13): 659–62.
  11. Funahashi Y., Majima T., Matsukawa Y. et al. Intraprostatic Reflux of Urine Induces Inflammation in a Rat. Prostate. 2017; 77 (2): 164–72. DOI: 10.1002/pros.23257
  12. Koroku M., Kumamoto Y., Hirose T. A study of the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis--analysis of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis specific IgA in expressed prostate secretion by western-blotting method. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1995; 69: 426–37. DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.69.426
  13. Park H., Sim S.M., Lee G. The presence of Chlamydia is associated with increased leukocyte counts and pain severity in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 2015; 85 (3): 574–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.11.008
  14. Horner P., Donders G., Cusini M. et al. Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? - a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 32: 1844–51. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15146
  15. Magri V., Perletti G., Stamatiou K. et al. Lithogenic Potential of Ureaplasma in Chronic Prostatitis. Urol Int. 2021; 105 (3-4): 328–33. DOI: 10.1159/000511653
  16. Shoskes D. UPOINT System for the Clinical Phenotyping of Chronic Pelvic Pain. (Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome, Interstitial Cystitis, Painfull Bladder Syndrome) 2009. URL: http://www.upointmd.com/
  17. Shoskes D.A., Nickel J.C., Kattan M.W. Phenotypically Directed Multimodal Therapy for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: a Prospective Study Using UPOINT. Urology. 2010; 75 (6): 1249–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.01.021
  18. Вершинский Б.В. О патогенности Trichomonas vaginalis Donne, 1836. Акушерство и гинекология (Москва). 1958; 34 (4): 76–80 [Vershinskii B.V. Pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis Donne, 1836. Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1958; 34 (4): 76–80 (in Russ.)].
  19. Chang P.C., Hsieh M.L., Huang S.T. et al. Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Patients by Rapid Immunochromatographic Test. Pol J Microbiol. 2022; 71 (3): 301–7. DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-027
  20. Han I.H., Kim J.H., Kim S.S. et al. Signalling pathways associated with IL-6 production and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction in prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasite Immunol. 2016; 38 (11): 678–87. DOI: 10.1111/pim.12357
  21. Vickovic N., Skerk V., Granic J. et al. Metronidazole 1.5 gram dose for 7 or 14 days in the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis: A randomized study. J Chemother. 2010; 22 (5): 364–5. DOI: 10.1179/joc.2010.22.5.364
  22. Stassen L., Armitage C.W., van der Heide D.J. et al. Zika Virus in the Male Reproductive Tract. Viruses. 2018; 10 (4): 198. DOI: 10.3390/v10040198
  23. Tan S.K., Cheng X.S., Kao C.S. et al. Native kidney cytomegalovirus nephritis and cytomegalovirus prostatitis in a kidney transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2019; 21 (1): e12998. DOI: 10.1111/tid.12998
  24. Benson P.J., Smith C.S. Cytomegalovirus prostatitis. Urology. 1992; 40 (2): 165–7. DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(92)90520-7
  25. Kaspersen M.D., Höllsberg P. Seminal shedding of human herpesviruses. Virol J. 2013; 10: 226. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-226
  26. Xiao J., Ren L., Lv H. et al. Atypical microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretion from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: microbiological results from a case-control study. Urol Int. 2013; 91 (4): 410–6. DOI: 10.1159/000350934
  27. Ковалык В.П., Гомберг М.А., Юрлов К.И. и др. Хронический простатит, ассоциированный с герпесвирусами: диагностика и эффективность противовирусной терапии. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2021; 20 (6): 60–5 [Kovalyk V.P., Gomberg M.A., Yurlov K.I. et al. Chronic prostatitis associated with herpesviruses: diagnosis and efficacy of antiviral therapy. Klinicheskaya Dermatologiya i Venerologiya. 2021; 20 (6): 60–5 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.17116/klinderma20212006160