Lung dysplasia in preterm newborn infants: What does a clinician need to know?

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-11-04
Issue: 
11
Year: 
2022

Professor I. Ignatko(1, 2), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, MD; O. Zavyalov(1, 3), Professor I. Pasechnik(1), MD; Professor
B. Babaev(4), MD
1-S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow
2-I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
3-Central State Medical Academy, Presidential Administration of Russia, Moscow
4-Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry
of Health of Russia, Moscow

The paper deals with lung dysplasia in preterm newborns. It gives epidemiological data on congenital lung malformations and the main features of pathohistogenesis of the respiratory system. The authors consider the clinical and morphological types of lung dysplasia, its critical periods and risk factors for embryonic lung pathology, and the peculiarities of fetal lung fluid metabolism. They characterize and provide evidence for the clinical role of oligohydramnios in the presence of perinatal maladaptation in a fetus and the development of lung dysplasia in preterm newborns. The paper describes the significance of morphopathological factors in the pathogenesis of premature rupture of the membranes. It discusses diagnostic methods, a medical algorithm, and the features of prenatal prevention of intrauterine anomalies. The perinatal outcomes of lung dysplasia are considered in preterm newborns.
Keywords: 
perinatology
neonatology
congenital malformation
lung dysplasia
preterm newborns
perinatal pathology
lung teratogenesis
fetal lung fluid
embryogenesis of respiratory organs

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