The role of prokinetics in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-03-13
Issue: 
3
Year: 
2022

L. Butorova(1), Candidate of Medical Sciences; L. Konkova(1), Candidate of Medical Sciences; V.
Levin(1); N. Nugaeva(1), Candidate of Medical Sciences; M. Palchenkova(1), Candidate of Medical Sciences; E.
Sayutina(2, 3), Candidate of Medical Sciences (1)Branch, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of
Defense of Russia, Moscow, Russia (2)I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov
University), Ministry of Health of Russia (3)A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and
Dentistry

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by a high incidence and a significant decrease in quality of life in patients, and is also a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. GERD and Barrett’s esophagus are presently included in the list of comorbidities that aggravate the course of COVID-19. Antisecretory therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is the gold standard for the medical treatment of GERD; however, this therapy is unsuccessful in some cases, while it is not always safe during the novel coronavirus infection (NCI) pandemic. Taking into account the fact that motor functional problems of the digestive tract are the determining pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease; drugs with a prokinetic effect on the upper gastrointestinal tract are additionally indicated for the treatment of patients with GERD. Itopride hydrochloride (Retch), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is a new generation prokinetic. The features of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Retch allow it to be used in patients with GERD in basic and long-term anti-relapse therapy regimens using the drug in combination with PPIs and alone. The high efficiency of the drug in relieving the symptoms of the disease, the absence of its side effects, and the risk of drug interactions determine its importance in the treatment of GERD during the NCI pandemic.
Keywords: 
gastroenterology
gastroesophageal reflux disease
COVID-19
motor disorders
proton pump inhibitors
prokinetics
itopride hydrochloride
Retch

References: 
  1. Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Truhmanov A.S. i dr. Rekomendatsii Rossijskoj gastroenterologicheskoj assotsiatsii po diagnostike i lecheniju gastroezofageal'noj refljuksnoj bolezni. Rossijskij zhurnal gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2020; 30 (4): 70–97. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-70-9
  2. Seliverstov P.V., Bakaeva S.R., Shapovalov V.V. Otsenka riskov sotsial'no znachimyh hronicheskih neinfektsionnyh zabolevanij s ispol'zovaniem telemeditsinskoj sistemy. Vrach. 2020; 31 (10): 68–73. DOI: 10.29296/25877305-2020-10-13
  3. Drapkina O.M., Maev I.V., Bakulin I.G. i dr. Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii: «Bolezni organov pischevarenija v uslovijah pandemii novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19)». Profilakticheskaja meditsina. 2020; 23 (3): 2120–52. DOI: 10.17116/profmed202023032120
  4. Shkurko T.V., Veselov A.V., Knjazev O.V. i dr. Osobennosti novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii COVID-19 u patsientov s zabolevanijami zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta: Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii №69. M.: GBU «NIIOZMM DZM», 2020; 32 s.
  5. Dent J. An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management – the Genval Workshop Report General Workshop Report. Gut. 1999; 44 (Suppl 2): S1–16. DOI: 10.1136/gut.44. 2008.s1
  6. Lazebnik L.B., Tkachenko E.I., Abdulganieva D.I. i dr. VI Natsional'nye rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniju kislotozavisimyh i assotsiirovannyh s Helicobacter pylori zabolevanij (VI Moskovskie soglashenija). Eksperimental'naja i klinicheskaja gastroenterologija. 2017; 2: 3–21.
  7. Butorova L.I., Loginov A.F. Gastroezofageal'naja refljuksnaja bolezn'. M.: «Remder», 2015; 64 s.
  8. Gubergrits N.B., Beljaeva N.V. Zhelchnyj refljuks: sovremennaja teorija i praktika. Posobie dlja vrachej, 2-e izd. M.: Prima Print, 2020; 64 s.
  9. Maev I.V., A.A. Samsonov A.A., Odintsova A.N. i dr. Perspektivy primenenija novogo prokinetika s dvojnym mehanizmom dejstvija v terapii gastroezofageal'noj refljuksnoj bolezni. Farmateka. 2009; 2: 34–9.
  10. McQuaid K.R. Dyspepsia, In: «Sleisenger & Fordtran’s gastrointes-tinal and liver disease». M.Feldman et al. (Eds), 7th ed. Philadelphia – London – Montreal – Sydney – Tokyo, 2002; p. 102–18.
  11. Butorova L.I., Osadchuk M.A., Osadchuk M.M. i dr. Optimizatsija terapevticheskoj taktiki pri sindrome funktsional'noj dispepsii. Doktor.Ru. Gastroenterologija. 2015; 12 (113): 80–6.
  12. Nam S.Y., Ryu K.H., Park B.J. Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with gastroesophageal reflux symptom but not erosive esophagitis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013; 19 (4): 521–31. DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.521
  13. Tack J. Recent developments in the pathophysiology and therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-erosive reflux disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2005; 21 (4): 454–60.
  14. Bueverov A.O., Lapina T.L. Duodenogastroezofageal'nyj refljuks kak prichina refljuks-ezofagita. Farmateka. 2006; 1: 22–7.
  15. Kunsch S., Neesse A., Linhart T. et al. Prospective evaluation of duodenogastroesophageal reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy. Digestion. 2012; 86 (4): 315–22. DOI: 10.1159/000342234
  16. Karamanolis G., Vanuytsel T., Sifrim D. et al. Yield of 24-h esophageal pH and bilitec monitoring in patients with persisting symptoms on PPI therapy. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53 (9): 2387–93. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-0186-6
  17. Poelmans J., Tack J., Feenstra L. Paroxysmal laryngospasm: atypical but underrecognised supraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux. Dig Dis Sci. 2004; 49 (11–12): 1868–74. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-004-9585-0
  18. Maev I.V., Kucherjavyj Ju.A., Andreev D.N. Funktsional'naja dispepsija: epidemiologija, klassifikatsija, etiopatogenez, diagnostika i lechenie. M.: OOO «ST-Print», 2015; 40 s.
  19. Luxenburger H., Sturm L., Bieve P. et al. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors increases the risk of secondary infections and ARDS in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: coincidence or underestimated risk factor? J Intern Med. 2021; 289 (1): 121–4. DOI: 10.1111/joim.13121
  20. Ren L., Chen W.X., Qian L.J. et al. Addition of prokinetics to PPI therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 2412–9. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2412
  21. Mammaev S.N., Shul'pekova Ju.O., Ivashkin V.T. i dr. Metoklopramid v lechenii dispepsicheskih rasstrojstv. RMZh. 2000; 15: 627.
  22. Grinevich V.B., Sas E.I. Bezopasnost' ispol'zovanija domperidona v klinicheskoj praktike. RMZh. Meditsinskoe obozrenie. 2018; 7 (1): 37–40.
  23. Mushiroda T., Douya R., Takahara E. et al. The involment of flavin containg monooxyge_nasebun not CYP3A4 in metabolism of itopride hydrochloride, a gastroprokinetic agent: comparaison with cisapride and mosapri de citrate. Drug Metabol Dispos. 2000; 28 (10): 1231–7.
  24. Ganaton Post Marketing Surveillance Study Group. Gastroenterology Today. 2004; 8: 1–8.
  25. Inoue K., Sanada Y., Fijimura J. et al. Clinical effect of itopride hydrochloride on the digestive symptoms of chronic gastritis with reflux esophagitis. Clin Med. 1999; 15: 1803–8.
  26. Walwaikar P.P., Kulkarni S.S., Bargaje R.S. Evaluation of new gastrointestinal prokinetic (ENGIP-I) study. J Indian Med Assoc. 2005; 103 (10): 559–60.
  27. Kim Y.S., Kim T.H., Choi C.S. et al. Effect of itopride, a new prokinetic, in patients with mild GERD: a pilot study. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005; 11 (27): 4210–4. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i27.4210
  28. Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: focus on itopride. Indian Practitioner. 2004; 57: 725–9.
  29. Chun B.J., Fee D.S. The effect of itopride combined with ‘lansoprazole in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013; 270 (4): 1385–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2341-8
  30. Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Trukhmanov A.S. et al. Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association in Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2020; 30 (4): 70–97 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-70-97
  31. Seliverstov P., Bakaeva S., Shapovalov V. A telemedicine system in the assessment of risks for socially significant chronic non-communicable diseases. Vrach. 2020; 31 (10): 68–73 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.29296/25877305-2020-10-13
  32. Drapkina O.M., Maev I.V., Bakulin I.G. et al. Interim guidelines: «Diseases of the digestive organs in the context of a new coronavirus infection pandemic (COVID-19)». Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2020; 23 (3): 2120–52 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/profmed202023032120
  33. Shkurko T.V., Veselov A.V., Knyazev O.V. et al. Osobennosti novoi koronavirusnoi infektsii COVID-19 u patsientov s zabolevaniyami zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta: Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii №69. M.: GBU «NIIOZMM DZM», 2020; 32 s. (in Russ.).
  34. Dent J. An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management – the Genval Workshop Report General Workshop Report. Gut. 1999; 44 (Suppl 2): S1–16. DOI: 10.1136/gut.44. 2008.s1
  35. Lazebnik L.B., Tkachenko E.I., Abdulganiyeva D.I. et al. VI National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acid-related and Helicobacter Pylori-associated diseases (VI Moscow agreement). Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2017; 2: 3–21 (in Russ.).
  36. Butorova L.I., Loginov A.F. Gastroezofageal’naya reflyuksnaya bolezn’. M.: «Remder», 2015; 64 s. (in Russ.).
  37. Gubergrits N.B., Belyaeva N.V. Zhelchnyi reflyuks: sovremennaya teoriya i praktika. Posobie dlya vrachei, 2-e izd. M.: Prima Print, 2020; 64 s. (in Russ.).
  38. Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Odintsova A.N. et al. Prospects for the use of new prokinetic with double mechanism of action in the therapy of gasroesophageal reflux disease. Farmateka. 2009; 2: 34–9 (in Russ.).
  39. McQuaid K.R. Dyspepsia, In: «Sleisenger & Fordtran’s gastrointes-tinal and liver disease». M.Feldman et al. (Eds), 7th ed. Philadelphia – London – Montreal – Sydney – Tokyo, 2002; p. 102–18.
  40. Butorova L.I., Osadchuk M.A., Osadchuk M.M. et al. Optimizing Treatment Strategies for Functional Dyspepsia. Doctor.Ru. Gastroenterology. 2015; 12 (113): 80–6 (in Russ.).
  41. Nam S.Y., Ryu K.H., Park B.J. Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with gastroesophageal reflux symptom but not erosive esophagitis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013; 19 (4): 521–31. DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.521
  42. Tack J. Recent developments in the pathophysiology and therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-erosive reflux disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2005; 21 (4): 454–60.
  43. Bueverov A.O., Lapina T.L. Duodenogastroezofageal’nyi reflyuks kak prichina reflyuks-ezofagita. Farmateka. 2006; 1: 22–7 (in Russ.).
  44. Kunsch S., Neesse A., Linhart T. et al. Prospective evaluation of duodenogastroesophageal reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy. Digestion. 2012; 86 (4): 315–22. DOI: 10.1159/000342234
  45. Karamanolis G., Vanuytsel T., Sifrim D. et al. Yield of 24-h esophageal pH and bilitec monitoring in patients with persisting symptoms on PPI therapy. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53 (9): 2387–93. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-0186-6
  46. Poelmans J., Tack J., Feenstra L. Paroxysmal laryngospasm: atypical but underrecognised supraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux. Dig Dis Sci. 2004; 49 (11–12): 1868–74. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-004-9585-0
  47. Maev I.V., Kucheryavyi Yu.A., Andreev D.N. Funktsional’naya dispepsiya: epidemiologiya, klassifikatsiya, etiopatogenez, diagnostika i lechenie. M.: OOO «ST-Print», 2015; 40 s. (in Russ.).
  48. Luxenburger H., Sturm L., Bieve P. et al. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors increases the risk of secondary infections and ARDS in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: coincidence or underestimated risk factor? J Intern Med. 2021; 289 (1): 121–4. DOI: 10.1111/joim.13121
  49. Ren L., Chen W.X., Qian L.J. et al. Addition of prokinetics to PPI therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 2412–9. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2412
  50. Mammaev S.N., Shul’pekova Yu.O., Ivashkin V.T. et al. Metoklopramid v lechenii dispepsicheskikh rasstroistv. RMJ. 2000; 15: 627 (in Russ.).
  51. Grinevich V.B., Sas E.I. Safety of domperidone use in clinical practice. RMJ. Medical Review. 2018. 7 (1): 37–40. (in Russ.).
  52. Mushiroda T., Douya R., Takahara E. et al. The involment of flavin containg monooxyge_nasebun not CYP3A4 in metabolism of itopride hydrochloride, a gastroprokinetic agent: comparaison with cisapride and mosapri de citrate. Drug Metabol Dispos. 2000; 28 (10): 1231–7.
  53. Ganaton Post Marketing Surveillance Study Group. Gastroenterology Today. 2004; 8: 1–8.
  54. Inoue K., Sanada Y., Fijimura J. et al. Clinical effect of itopride hydrochloride on the digestive symptoms of chronic gastritis with reflux esophagitis. Clin Med. 1999; 15: 1803–8.
  55. Walwaikar P.P., Kulkarni S.S., Bargaje R.S. Evaluation of new gastrointestinal prokinetic (ENGIP-I) study. J Indian Med Assoc. 2005; 103 (10): 559–60.
  56. Kim Y.S., Kim T.H., Choi C.S. et al. Effect of itopride, a new prokinetic, in patients with mild GERD: a pilot study. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005; 11 (27): 4210–4. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i27.4210
  57. Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: focus on itopride. Indian Practitioner. 2004; 57: 725–9.
  58. Chun B.J., Fee D.S. The effect of itopride combined with ‘lansoprazole in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013; 270 (4): 1385–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2341-8