IMPACT OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ON THE PREVALENCE AND COURSE OF GERIATRIC SYNDROMES

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-03-12
Issue: 
3
Year: 
2022

Associate Professor A. Turusheva, Candidate of Medical Sciences; Professor E. Frolova, MD; Т.
Bogdanova I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg

Cognitive decline is one of the main geriatric syndromes associated with early loss of independence, as well as an increased risk of developing other geriatric syndromes and mortality in old age. The aim of the study. To assess the prevalence of cognitive decline and its impact on the prevalence and course of major geriatric syndromes in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and over. Materials and methods. A random sample of 611 people aged 65 and over. The observation time was 2.5 years. Methods: Comprehensive geriatric assessment. Results. Mild cognitive impairment was found in 180 (44.4%) of the participants, mild dementia in 91 (14.9%), moderate dementia in 59 (9.7%), and severe dementia in 10 (1.6%). The decline in cognitive functions in old age was associated with an increase in the prevalence of the main geriatric syndromes: malnutrition, physical decline, urinary incontinence, depression, sarcopenia, and frailty. The dynamics of changes in cognitive functions was associated with an increase or decrease in the risk of progression of other geriatric syndromes. Conclusion. All patients with cognitive impairment should be actively screened for other geriatric syndromes. Also, patients with other geriatric syndromes need to carry out a mandatory assessment of the level of cognitive functions. Correcting nutritional status, treating depression, and increasing physical activity are potentially modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline in old age.
Keywords: 
dementia
cognitive impairment
geriatric syndromes
malnutrition
frailty
intrinsic capacity
motoric cognitive risk syndrome

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