New coronavirus infection: clinical and pathogenetic aspects, prevention, importance of vitamins and trace elements

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-02-07
Issue: 
2
Year: 
2022

Professor D. Dedov, MD Tver State Medical University Tver Regional Clinical Cardiology
Dispensary

The article presented the results of studies from the United Kingdom, the People’s Republic of China, Germany, South Korea, Iran, the United States, Norway, the Russian Federation, France, and Greece. Reflected clinical and pathogenetic aspects of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Showed associations of vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies with weakening of the immune system, defense against viruses. Revealed correlations of COVID-19 severity and decreased serum concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc. We recognized the connection of selenium deficiency in food, deficiency of this microelement in organism with increase of risk of infection, risk of COVID-19 complications. We found a direct correlation between selenium content and blood oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients. Inverse correlation was found between selenium content and body temperature, severity of lung damage, C-reactive protein concentration. We noted the value of SELENBIO selenium-containing complex for women in the correction of vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies, strengthening the immune system and thus preventing complications of COVID-19 coronavirus infection.
Keywords: 
new coronavirus infection
clinic
pathogenesis
prevention
significance
vitamins
micronutrients
selenium
selenium-containing
preparations
SELENBIO for women

References: 
  1. Avdeev S.N., Adamjan L.V., Alekseeva E.I. i dr. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19): Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. M.: Ministerstvo zdravoohranenija Rossijskoj Federatsii, 2021; 233 s. [Avdeev S.N., Adamyan L.V., Alexeeva E.I. et al. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): Provisional guidelines. M.: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2021; 233 p. (in Russ.)].
  2. Drapkina O.M., Drozdova L.Ju., Avdeev S.N. i dr. Okazanie ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoj meditsinskoj pomoschi patsientam s hronicheskimi zabolevanijami, podlezhaschim dispansernomu nabljudeniju, v uslovijah pandemii COVID-19. Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. versija 2. Kardiovaskuljarnaja terapija i profilaktika. 2021; 20 (8): 245–90 [Drapkina O.M., Drozdova L.Y., Avdeev S.N. et al. The outpatient medical care in patients with chronic diseases under dispensary supervision in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporary guidelines. Version 2. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021; 20 (8): 245–90 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3172
  3. Shakoor H., Feehan J., Al Dhaheri A.S. et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021; 143: 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
  4. Hoffmann C., Wolf E. Older age groups and country-specific case fatality rates of COVID-19 in Europe, USA and Canada. Infection. 2021; 49 (1): 111–6. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01538-w
  5. Barazzoni R., Bischoff S.C., Busetto L. et al. Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance. Clin Nutr. 2021: S0261-5614(21)00248-X. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.006
  6. Keam S., Megawati D., Patel S.K. et al. Immunopathology and immunotherapeutic strategies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rev Med Virol. 2020; 30 (5): e2123. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2123
  7. Glybochko P.V., Fomin V.V., Avdeev S.N. i dr. Klinicheskaja harakteristika 1007 bol'nyh tjazheloj SARS-CoV-2 pnevmoniej, nuzhdavshihsja v respiratornoj podderzhke. Klinicheskaja farmakologija i terapija. 2020; 29 (2): 21–9 [Glybochko P., Fomin V., Avdeev S. et al. Clinical characteristics of 1007 intensive care unit patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Clinical pharmacology and therapy. 2020; 29 (2): 21–9 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.32756/0869-5490-2020-2-21-29
  8. Berger M.M., Herter-Aeberli I., Zimmermann M.B. et al. Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021; 43: 39–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.012
  9. Bermano G., Méplan C., Mercer D.K. et al. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19? Br J Nutr. 2021; 125 (6): 618–27. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520003128
  10. Yang C., Yao H., Wu Y. et al. Status and risks of selenium deficiency in a traditional selenium-deficient area in Northeast China. Sci Total Environ. 2021; 762: 144103. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144103
  11. Xu Y., Hao Z., Li Y. et al. Distribution of selenium and zinc in soil-crop system and their relationship with environmental factors. Chemosphere. 2020; 242: 125289. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125289
  12. Pecora F., Persico F., Argentiero A. et al. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (10): 3198. DOI: 10.3390/nu12103198
  13. Zhang H.Y., Zhang A.R., Lu Q.B. et al. Association between fatality rate of COVID-19 and selenium deficiency in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2021; 21 (1): 452. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06167-8
  14. Notz Q., Herrmann J., Schlesinger T. et al. Clinical Significance of Micronutrient Supplementation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Severe ARDS. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (6): 2113. DOI: 10.3390/nu13062113
  15. Im J.H., Je Y.S., Baek J. et al. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 100: 390–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018
  16. Richardson D.P., Lovegrove J.A. Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective. Br J Nutr. 2021; 125 (6): 678–84. DOI: 10.1017/S000711452000330X
  17. Calder P.C. Foods to deliver immune-supporting nutrients. Curr Opin Food Sci. 2022; 43: 136–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.12.006
  18. Hybsier S., Schulz T., Wu Z. et al. Sex-specific and inter-individual differences in biomarkers of selenium status identified by a calibrated ELISA for selenoprotein P. Redox Biol. 2017; 11: 403–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.025
  19. Gorji A., Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nutrition. 2021; 82: 111047. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111047
  20. Steinbrenner H., Speckmann B., Klotz L.O. Selenoproteins: Antioxidant selenoenzymes and beyond. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016; 595: 113–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.024
  21. Skalny A.V., Timashev P.S., Aschner M. et al. Serum Zinc, Copper, and Other Biometals Are Associated with COVID-19 Severity Markers. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (4): 244. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040244
  22. Dedov D.V. Selen i selensoderzhaschie preparaty: znachenie dlja organizma i profilaktiki razlichnyh zabolevanij. Farmatsija. 2021; 70 (8): 54–7. [Dedov D.V. Selenium and selenium-containing preparations: importance for the body and prevention of various diseases. Pharmacy. 2021; 70 (8): 54–7 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10/29296/25419218-2021-08-09