LEPTIN RESISTANCE: POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF FORMATION AND POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF CORRECTION
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2021-02-05
Issue:
2
Year:
2021
Leptin is a peptide hormone derived from adipocytes that contributes to the homeostatic regulation
of energy balance and metabolism (primarily fat) through the humoral and nerve pathways. Leptin acts on
neurons in specific areas of the brain, such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem, to regulate
food intake, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and lipid and glucose metabolism. A biomarker of leptin
resistance is abnormally elevated levels of circulating leptin, which is common in obese people. Leptin
resistance is defined as a decreased sensitivity or inability of the brain to respond to leptin, which is
accompanied by impaired ability of leptin to suppress appetite or increase energy expenditure, which
ultimately leads to overweight, obesity, other metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Leptin
resistance is an important clinical problem; however, no drugs have yet been found to correct it, and this
is primarily due to significant gaps in the pathophysiology of leptin. At the same time, more and more data
are emerging on new mechanisms of leptin resistance. Here, we have combined data from studies related to
leptin resistance and associated diseases in order to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology
of leptin, and also described new strategies for the treatment of lipid disorders, in particular obesity.
Keywords:
leptin
leptin receptors
leptin resistance
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