A change in the gut microbiota as a risk factor for asthma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-01-01
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1
Year: 
2020

O. Zolnikova, Candidate of Medical Sciences; N. Potskhverashvili; N. Kokina, Candidate of Medical Sciences; A. Trukhmanov, MD; Professor V. Ivashkin, MD, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a common and socially significant disease. In according to the WHO’s data, the incidence of bronchial asthma is growing steadily, there are about 300 million people with BA disease in the world now. So, its prevention is an urgent task of medicine. Our review is devoted to the modern ideas ofthe intestinal microbiota role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Nowadays, there is a strong evidence of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the respiratory tract through the gut-lung axis.Factors influence on the intestinal microbiota composition are discussed, including the composition of the maternal microbiota, the childbirth method , the child feeding method, the drugs prescription and an influence of the environmental factors also.It was analyzed of the results of experimental and clinical studies, which have confirmed the influence of intestinal microflora on the development and progression of the disease. It was established the composition violation and metabolic activity of the microbiota contributed to the polarization of the immune response towards T type 2 helper cells. At the same time, the high biological diversity of intestinal microorganisms contributes to the adequate bacterial metabolites production, inducing the immune regulatory pathways and contributes to the anti-inflammatory response. We have reviewed the main possible molecular mechanisms due to which symbiont bacteria prevent the development of BA. The results of clinical studies on reducing the risk of BA disease, the duration and severity of BA symptoms with probiotics, as for childhood as for the adult population, are presented in the review.

Keywords: 
pulmonology
microbiota
asthma
short-chain fatty acids
probiotics
gut-lung axis



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