Роль кишечной микробиоты в старении и поддержании активного долголетия. Часть 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-02-03
Номер журнала: 
2
Год издания: 
2024

А.К. Ратникова(1, 2), кандидат медицинских наук,
Я.И. Ашихмин(1, 3, 4), кандидат медицинских наук,
В.А. Ратников(2, доктор медицинских наук, профессор,
М.О. Грудина(1),
О.Н. Дикур(5, 6), кандидат медицинских наук
1-Health Care Resort «Первая Линия», Санкт-Петербург
2-Северо-Западный окружной научно-клинический центр
им. Л.Г. Соколова Федерального медико-биологического
агентства России, Санкт-Петербург
3-Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи Минздрава России, Москва
4-Клиника «ДокМед», Москва
5-Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)
6-Клиника «Рассвет», Москва
E-mail: ya.ashikhmin@gmail.com

Рассматривается роль кишечной микробиоты в старении и поддержании активного долголетия. Во 2-й части рассмотрены вопросы повреждения ДНК метаболитами различных бактерий, что повышает риск онкологических заболеваний. Подробно изложено взаимодействие микробиоты и иммунной системы, связь дисбиоза и старения иммунной системы с указанием конкретных молекулярных механизмов. Особое внимание уделено лимфоцитам субпопуляции Th17. Показаны изменения микробиома, которые наблюдаются у лиц с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (артериальной гипертензией, ишемической болезнью сердца, хронической сердечной недостаточностью). Раскрыта роль триметиламиноксида и новых механизмов поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы, связанных с миграцией иммунных клеток из пейеровых бляшек в атеросклеротические бляшки. Даны представления о взаимосвязи микробиома и когнитивной функции. Рассмотрены изменения микробиома на фоне повышения физической активности. В заключительной части статьи представлены интервенции в отношении микробиома, нацеленные на увеличение продолжительности и качества жизни. Они включают диету, применение пребиотиков, пробиотиков, синбиотиков, а также лекарственных препаратов, влияющих на микробиоту.
Ключевые слова: 
микробиом
микробиота
старение
активное долголетие.
Для цитирования
Ратникова А.К., Ашихмин Я.И., Ратников В.А. и др. Роль кишечной микробиоты в старении и поддержании активного долголетия. Часть 2 . Врач, 2024; (2): 15-20 https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2024-02-03

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