Cognitive impairment in older people: practical aspects of management

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-06-02
Download full text PDF
Issue: 
6
Year: 
2020

Professor E. Ekusheva(1), MD; O. Zaitseva(2); O. Kuzina(3) (1)Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow (2)Clinical Hospital One (Volynskaya), Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow (3)OOO «Doctor Ost», Chelyabinsk

Older patients with cognitive impairment present a challenge for physicians of various specialties in terms of both diagnosis and choice of effective therapy. Not every decrease in cognitive function is steadily progressing and leads to the development of dementia. The timely identification and prescription of pathogenetically substantiated therapy are fundamentally important, since these contribute to the functional restoration of cerebral structures and result in reversible consequences.
Keywords: 
geriatrics
moderate cognitive impairment
dementia
older patients
aging

It appears your Web browser is not configured to display PDF files. Download adobe Acrobat или click here to download the PDF file.

References: 
  1. Rodriguez-Sánchez E., Mora-Simón S., Patino-Alonso M.C. et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged over 65 in an urban area: DERIVA study. BMC Neurology. 2011; 11: 147. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-11-147
  2. Dementia. WHO URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/dementia (01.05.2020)
  3. Prince M., Bryce R., Albanese E. et al. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimer`s & Dementia. 2013; 9 (1): 63–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.007
  4. Ekusheva E.V. Kognitivnye narushenija – aktual'naja mezhdistsiplinarnaja problema. RMZh. 2018; 12 (1): 32–7 [Ekusheva E.V. Cognitive impairment – relevant interdisciplinary problem. RMJ. 2018; 12 (1): 32–7 (in Russ.)].
  5. Farfel J.M., Nitrini R., Suemoto C.K. et al. Very low levels of education and cognitive reserve: A clinicopathologic study. Neurology. 2013; 81: 650–7. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a08f1b
  6. Van Spronsen M., Hoogenraad C. Synapse pathology in psychiatric and neurologic disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2010; 10: 207–14. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-010-0104-8
  7. Ekusheva E.V. Sensomotornaja integratsija pri porazhenii tsentral'noj nervnoj sistemy: klinicheskie i patogeneticheskie aspekty. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. M.: RNIMU im. N.I. Pirogova, 2016 [Ekusheva E.V. Sensomotornaya integratsiya pri porazhenii tsentral’noi nervnoi sistemy: klinicheskie i patogeneticheskie aspekty. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. M.: RNIMU im. N.I. Pirogova, 2016 (in Russ.)].
  8. Rossini P.M., Altamura C., Ferreri F. et al. Neuroimaging experimental studies on brain plasticity in recovery from stroke. Eur J Phys Rehab Med. 2007; 43: 241–54.
  9. Ekusheva E.K., Danilov A.B., Vein A.M. Hemiparesis syndrome: clinical-pathophysiological analysis. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2002; 102 (11): 18.
  10. Fjell A.M., Walhoyd K.B. Structural brain changes in aging: courses, causes and cognitive consequences. Rev Neurosci. 2011; 21 (3): 187–221. DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2010.21.3.187
  11. Paegaaij S., Taube W., Baudry S., et al. Aging causes are organization of cortical and spinal control of posture. Fron. Aging Neurosci. 2014; 6: 28. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00028
  12. Shaffer S.W., Harrison A.L. Aging of the somatosensory system: a translational perspective. Phys Ther. 2007; 87 (2): 193–207. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20060083
  13. Frol'kis V.V. Starenie mozga. L.: Nauka; 1991 [Frol’kis V.V. Starenie mozga. L.: Nauka; 1991 (in Russ.)].
  14. Kensinger E.A., Corkin S. The effects of emotional content and aging on false memories. Cogn., Affect., Behav. Neurosci. 2004; 4: 1–9. DOI: 10.3758/cabn.4.1.1
  15. Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V. Dementsija vsledstvie porazhenija melkih tserebral'nyh sosudov: patogenez, klinika, lechenie. Nevrologija, nejropsihiatrija, psihosomatika. 2014; 6 (4): 94–100 [Damulin I.V., Ekusheva E.V. Dementia due to cerebral small vessel damage: Current ideas on its pathogenesis and therapy. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2014; 6 (4): 94–100 (in Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-94-100
  16. Petersen R.S., Touchon J., Consensus on mild cognitive impairment: EADC – ADCS. Res. Pract. Alzheimer’s Diseas. 2005; 10: 38–46.
  17. Rasquin S.M., Lodder J., Visser P.J. Predictive accuracy of MCI subtypes for Alzheimer`s disease and vascular dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a 2-year follow-up study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005; 19 (2/3): 113–9. DOI: 10.1159/000082662
  18. Petersen R.C., Knopman D.S., Boeve B.F. et al. Mild cognitive impairment: 10 years later. Arch Neurol. 2009; 66 (12): 1447–55. DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.266
  19. Mezhdunarodnaja statisticheskaja klassifikatsija boleznej i problem, svjazannyh so zdorov'em. 10-j peresmotr. (MKB-10). Zheneva, 1995 [Mezhdunarodnaya statisticheskaya klassifikatsiya boleznei i problem, svyazannykh so zdorov’em. 10-i peresmotr. (MKB-10). Zheneva, 1995 (in Russ.)].
  20. Jahno N.N., Zaharov V.V., Lokshina A.B. i dr. Dementsii. Rukovodstvo dlja vrachej. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2010; 272 s. [Yakhno N.N., Zakharov V.V., Lokshina A.B. et al. Dementsii. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachei. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2010; 272 s. (in Russ.)].
  21. Graf W.D. Dementia in metabolic disorders of children and adults / In: Handbook of Secondary Dementias. Ed. by R.Kurlan. New York, London: Taylor & Francis, 2006; 203–99.
  22. Hill M.D., Mitchell J.R. White matter lesions and cognition. It’s time for randomized trials to preserve intelligence. Neurology. 2006; 66: 470–1. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000203412.56752.88
  23. Moreno M. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2003; 25 (1): 178–93. DOI: 10.1016/s0149-2918(03)90023-3
  24. Seshadri S. Delaying dementia: Can antihypertensives prevent Alzheimer dementia? Neurology. 2013; 81 (10): 860–2. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a35296
  25. de Haan E.H., Nys G.M., Van Zandvoort M.J. Cognitive function following stroke and vascular cognitive impairment. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006; 19 (6): 559–64. DOI: 10.1097/01.wco.0000247612.21235.d9
  26. De Leeuw F.E., van Gijn J. Vascular dementia. J. Pract. Neurol. 2003; 3: 86–91.
  27. Erkinjuntti T., Roman G., Gauthier S. et al. Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment. Stroke. 2004; 35 (4): 1010–7. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000120731.88236.33
  28. Gelber R.P., Ross G.W., Petrovitch H. et al. Antihypertensive medication use and risk of cognitive impairment. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology. 2013; 81 (10): 888–95. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a351d4
  29. Bennett D.A., Schneider J.A., Bienias J.L. et al. Mild cognitive impairment in related to Alzheimer`s pathology and cerebral infarctions. Neurology. 2005; 64 (5): 834–41. DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000152982.47274.9E
  30. Leung Y.Y., Teo S.L., Chua M.B. et al. Living arrangements, social networks and onset or progression of pain among older adults in Singapore. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016; 16 (6): 693–700. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12539
  31. Macfarlane G.J., Barnish M.S., Jones G.T. Persons with chronic widespread pain experience excess mortality: longitudinal results from UK Biobank and meta-analysis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2017; 76 (11): 1815–22. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211476
  32. Ghaffar O., Fiati M., Feinstein A. Occupational attainment as a market of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (10): e47206. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047206