Current approaches to managing patients with acute liver failure

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-02-16
Download full text PDF
Issue: 
2
Year: 
2020

Professor O. Burgasova, MD; V. Tetova, Candidate of Medical Sciences Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow

The paper considers data on the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of acute liver failure (ARF), as well as current approaches to managing patients with this condition. Despite success in intensive care, ARF is a clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate that amounts to as much as 50%. The clinical picture is most frequently represented by the development of coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and multiple organ dysfunction. The severity of the course, the likelihood of irreversibility of RF, and the etiological heterogeneity of the syndrome necessitate further elaboration of therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: 
гепатология
печеночная недостаточность
печеночная энцефалопатия
этиопатогенез
вирусы
гепатотоксичность
лечение



It appears your Web browser is not configured to display PDF files. Download adobe Acrobat или click here to download the PDF file.

References: 
  1. Bernal W., Wendon J. et al. Systematic review: Acute liver failure // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2013; 369: 2525–34. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1208937
  2. Bower W., Johns M., Margolis H. et al. Population-based surveillance for acute liver failure // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2007; 102: 2459–63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01388.x
  3. Kumar R., Shalimar, Bhatia V. et al. Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome // Hepatology. – 2010; 51: 1665–74. DOI: 10.1002/hep.23534
  4. Lee W., Stravitz R., Larson A. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Position Paper on acute liver failure 2011 // Hepatology. – 2012; 55 (3): 965–7. DOI: 10.1002/hep.25551
  5. Wlodzimirow K., Eslami S., Abu-Hanna A. et al. Systematic review: acute liver failure – one disease, more than 40 definitions // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2012; 35: 1245–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05097.x
  6. O’Grady J., Schalm S., Williams R. Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes // Lancet. – 1993; 342: 273–75. Erratum, Lancet. – 1993; 342: 1000. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91818-7
  7. Bernuau J., Rueff B., Benhamou J. Fulminant and subfulminant liver failure: definitions and causes // Semin. Liver Dis. – 1986; 6: 97–106. DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1040593
  8. Mochida S., Nakayama N., Matsui A. et al. Re-evaluation of the Guideline published by the Acute Liver Failure Study Group of Japan in 1996 to determine the indications of liver transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatitis // Hepatol. Res. – 2008; 38: 970–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2008.00368.x
  9. Hoofnagle J., Nelson K., Purcell R. Hepatitis // E. N. Engl. J. Med. – 2012; 367: 1237–44. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1204512
  10. Wasley A., Fiore A., Bell B. Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination // Epidemiol. Rev. – 2006; 28: 101–11. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxj012
  11. Karetkina G.N. Virusnyj gepatit A v proshlom, nastojaschem i buduschem // Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mnenija, obuchenie. – 2014; 3 (8): 38–48 [Karetkina G. Viral hepatitis A in the past, present and future // Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. – 2014; 3 (8): 38–48 (in Russ.)].
  12. Krasnitskiy E. Pathology and Hematology. Hepatocellular insufficiency. URL: http://pathanatom.ru/patologicheskaya-anatomiya/makroskopicheskaya-diagnostika/pechenochno-kletochnaya-nedostatochnost (in Russ.).
  13. Khuroo M., Kamili S. Aetiology and prognostic factors in acute liver failure in India // J. Viral. Hepat. – 2003; 10: 224–31. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00415.x
  14. Torres H., Davila M. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in patients with cancer // Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. – 2012; 9: 156–66. DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.1
  15. Larson A., Polson J., Fontana R. et al. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study // Hepatology. – 2005; 42 (6): 1364–72. DOI: 10.1002/hep.20948
  16. Sulima D.L. Pechenochnaja nedostatochnost' pri hronicheskih virusnyh gepatitah: klinika, diagnostika, prognoz i taktika lechenija. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. SPb, 2008 [Sulima D.L. Pechenochnaya nedostatochnost’ pri khronicheskikh virusnykh gepatitakh: klinika, diagnostika, prognoz i taktika lecheniya. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. SPb, 2008 (in Russ.)].
  17. Craig D., Bates C., Davidson J. et al. Staggered overdose pattern and delay to hospital presentation are associated with adverse outcomes following paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity // Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. – 2012; 73: 285–94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04067.x
  18. Rezende G., Roque-Afonso A., Samuel D. et al. Viral and clinical factors associated with the fulminant course of hepatitis A infection // Hepatology. – 2003; 38: 613–8. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50366
  19. Paterson J., Mamdani M., Manno M. et al. Fluoroquinolone therapy and idiosyncratic acute liver injury: a population-based study // CMAJ. – 2012; 184 (14): 1565–70. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.111823
  20. Jalan R., Olde Damink S., Deutz N. et al. Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension // Gastroenterology. – 2004; 127 (5): 1338–46. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.005
  21. Lee W., Hynan L., Rossaro L. et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure // Gastroenterology. – 2009; 137: 856–64. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.006
  22. Desjardins P., Du T., Jiang W. et al. Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure: role of glutamine redefined // Neurochem. Int. – 2012; 60: 690–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.001
  23. Bernal W., Hall C., Karvellas C. et al. Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure // Hepatology. – 2007; 46: 1844–52. DOI: 10.1002/hep.21838
  24. Vaquero J., Polson J., Chung C. et al. Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure // Gastroenterology. – 2003; 125: 755–64. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(03)01051-5
  25. Etogo-Asse F.-E., Vincent R., Hughes S. et al. High density lipoprotein in patients with liver failure: relation to sepsis, adrenal function and outcome of illness // Liver Int. – 2012; 32: 128–36. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02657.x
  26. Butterworth R. Hepatic encephalopathy: a central neuroinflammatory disorder? // Hepatology. – 2011; 53: 1372–6. DOI: 10.1002/hep.24228
  27. Murphy N., Auzinger G., Bernal W. et al. The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure // Hepatology. – 2004; 39: 464–70. DOI: 10.1002/hep.20056
  28. Jalan R., Olde Damink S., Deutz N. et al. Moderate hypothermia in patients with acute liver failure and uncontrolled intracranial hypertension // Gastroenterology. – 2004; 127: 1338–46. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.005
  29. Leithead J., Ferguson J., Bates C. et al. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome is predictive of renal dysfunction in patients with non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure // Gut. – 2009; 58: 443–4. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.154120
  30. O’Riordan A., Brummell Z., Sizer E. et al. Acute kidney injury in patients admitted to a liver intensive therapy unit with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. – 2011; 26: 3501–8. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr050
  31. Davenport A. Continuous renal replacement therapies in patients with liver disease // Semin. Dial. – 2009; 22: 169–72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2008.00539.x
  32. O’Grady J., Alexander G., Hayllar K. et al. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure // Gastroenterology. – 1989; 97 (2): 439–45. DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(89)90081-4
  33. Tritto G., Davies N., Jalan R. Liver replacement therapy // Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. – 2012; 33: 70–9. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301736
  34. Saliba F., Camus C., Durand F. et al. Albumin dialysis with a noncell artificial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure: a randomized, controlled trial // Ann. Intern. Med. – 2013; 159: 522–31. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00005
  35. Demetriou A., Brown R. Jr., Busuttil R. et al. Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure // Ann. Surg. – 2004; 239: 660–7. DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000124298.74199.e5
  36. Larsen F., Schmidt L., Wendon J. et al. Liver assisting with high-volume plasma exchange in patients with acute liver failure // Hepatology. – 2010; 52: 376A–376A.